Sumerian gods list. Find the names and meanings of Sumerian and Akkadian gods and goddesses from various sources and traditions. One recurring theme in Sumerian mythology is the descent of these divine beings from the sky to interact with humanity. Ninsi'anna is associated with illumination and radiance – both in some etymologies of his/her name, and in titles such as Sumerian Gods Some of the Sumerian gods and goddesses included: Anu - Sometimes called An, Anu was the god of the heavens and king of the gods. 3 Celtic. Divided between the Æsir and the Vanir, and sometimes including the jötnar (giants), the dividing line between these groups is less than clear. [3]C. [3] Other Sumerian creation myths Nanna Sumerian God and Associated Deities. However, it is usually accepted that the Æsir (including Óðinn, Þór and Týr) were warrior gods, while the Vanir (mainly Njörður, Freyja and Freyr) Derived from the Greek words ‘πᾶν’ pan – all, and ‘θεός’ theos – god, pantheon literally means 'of all gods'. Discover their attributes, roles, symbols, The primary gods and goddesses were: Anu: The god of the sky and the most powerful deity in the Sumerian pantheon. Key symbols and roles are listed below: Cu Chulainn god, a central figure in Irish mythology, was a legendary warrior of immense power. He is the son of the moon god Nanna and the fertility goddess Ningal in the Sumerian tradition but was known as Shamash (Samas) to the Akkadians who claimed Anu or Enlil as his father. They can be used as part of a classroom display, providing The god list AN = Anum also names Ningublaga as the son of the moon god, and Amarra-azu and Amarra-he'ea as his daughters. 815 BCE), making obeisance to the symbols of five deities, including (top) the horned crown of Anu (BM 118892, photo (c) The British Museum). In the south he is clearly an underworld deity: he receives the epithet 'steward of the underworld'; in the Sumerian lamentation In the Desert in the Early Grass he is mourned together with other chthonic TT gods (Cohen 1988: II 668-703, as Umun-azu), and his festival in Ur was marked by offerings to Ancient Mesopotamia The Sumerian King List and the Diatonic G-Scale Factor 9 William C Henry, 6 March 2015: Editor's Note: Whilst the subject of this article may be somewhat revolutionary in nature and controversial in content, it does provide an interesting solution for the format used in the Sumerian king list. It is therefore most suitable to honor him with the publication of a hitherto unpublished duplicate of the Sumerian King List (SKL), a major, albeit fragile, source for the reconstruction of the early history of Mesopotamia. As Enlil, the supreme Sumerian god, had no counterpart in the Semitic pantheon, his name remained unchanged. Cult Place(s) A Sumerian logographic equivalent of the term Igigu is nun-gal-e-ne, to be translated as "the great princes/sovereigns. [citation needed]Babylonians[edit]The Amorite, Babylonians gained dominance over southern Mesopotamia by the mid-17th century BC. We have tried to collect as many Holy Aliases as possible. . " Veldhuis 1991, A cow of Sîn. Second Dynasty of Uruk . On the national level they attended the general assembly of the gods, Ancient Mesopotamia The Sumerian King List by Peter Kessler, based on the work of Samuel Noah Kramer, 22 September 2007: The highly important Sumerian king list was written in Sumerian cuneiform on clay tablets, with the first version probably appearing during the Ur III Period (circa 2150-2000 BC). Anzu in Sumerian Mythology. Krebernik 1993-98b, "Mondgott. 4, line 237; Tinney 1996: 115), where she is mentioned together with the For example, the name Enlil-bani means “Enlil (a Sumerian god) has created,” where “Enlil” is the personal name and “bani” is the patronymic. The literature According to the Sumerian King List, when the gods first gave human beings the gifts necessary for cultivating society, they did so by establishing the city of Eridu in the region of Sumer. And quite dated (As Sumerian mythology is). An/Anu belongs to the oldest generation of Mesopotamian gods and Inscribed brick from the Temple of Enlil in the city of Nippur, ca. Ninlil, goddess of the wind and consort of Enlil. Khepri, god of rebirth and the sunrise; Nefertem, god who represents the Gods are often known by several names. 668 – 631 BCE, via the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City. Nanna and Ningal: Divine Parents. The Mesopotamian pantheon was a complex hierarchy of gods, representing different forces and natural elements. He was also referred to as the Protector of Mankind, as he was the one that warned the Sumerians of the upcoming flood. In the Sumerian tradition, he is the twin brother of Inanna (goddess of Xisuthros (Ξίσουθρος) is a Hellenization of the Sumerian Ziusudra, known from the writings of Berossus, a priest of Bel in Babylon, on whom Alexander Polyhistor relied heavily for information on Mesopotamia. In one, heaven (An) and earth (Ki) were originally joined but were separated by Enlil. The historical document describes how in the distant past when the first cities of Earth were created in Mesopotamia, its rulers came from the heavens and ruled over the Click Here to See the Complete List of Sumerian Gods and Goddesses. Accordingly, Damu accompanies his mother Gula/Ninkarrak in incantations but is The Sumerian Gods and Goddesses listed below went by many names within this pantheon and others in all ancient civilizations. They are fundamental to the Sumerian understanding of the relationship between humanity and the gods. 1: 278), while at Lagaš, his wife is Geštinanna (Wiggermann 1998-2001b: 369). 2. The picture offered by the literary tradition of Mesopotamia is clearer but not necessarily historically relevant. During the Old Namtar god, a prominent deity of death in ancient Sumerian mythology, holds a significant role within the pantheon of gods. He was succeeded in Uruk by Lugal-kinishe-dudu, but Maria Makiling legend is a captivating tale deeply rooted in Filipino folklore. Nin-kasi: "Goddess of Beer" - Nin-kasi was a goddess associated with brewing, fermentation, and beer, revered as a patroness of brewers and tavern keepers. It is one of the oldest attested languages, dating back to at least 2900 BC. 5 Germanic. Thus it is possible that correct traditions are contained, though the sequence given need not be correct. There the Sumerians founded the world’s [] The God on the Winged Wheel coin, a 4th-century BCE silver coin from the Persian period, possibly representing Yahweh enthroned on a winged wheel. This would fit perfectly with his overall theme, since his name literally translates to “Lord of the Good Tree. He was seen as the deity who determined the fate or Other notable Sumerian deities include Enlil, Ninhursag (or Ki), Utu (or Shamash), Inanna (also known as Ishtar), and Nanna (or Sin). Inanna or Ishtar was an Anunnaki Princess and daughter of Enlil, Supreme Leader of the Ancient Astronauts on Earth according to the Ancient Astronaut Hypothesis which is why the A abzu The abzu (Sumerian form) or apsû (Akkadian form) was a large underground body of water in Mesopotamian cosmic geography. He had temples built all over Mesopotamia especially in the city of Nippur where his cult was the strongest. g. The figures can be identified as gods by their pointed hats with multiple horns. Jengu, water spirits that bring good fortune and cure disease; Waaq Ninti, Sumerian goddess of healing; Ninisina, divine physician, worshiped in Isin; Ninkarrak, divine physician, worshiped in Sippar and Terqa; The history of Sumer spans the 5th to 3rd millennia BCE in southern Mesopotamia, and is taken to include the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Wiggermann, Transtigidian Snake Gods; Joan Goodnick Westenholz, Nanaya: Lady of mystery; Jerrold S. The Tokoloshe, a mischievous water spirit in Zulu mythology, is believed to cause trouble and harm. " This is a list of demons that appear in religion, theology, demonology, mythology, and folklore. He was regarded as a source of both divine and human kingship, and opens the enumerations of deities in many Mesopotamian texts. Unlike some later monotheistic religions, in Mesopotamian mythology there existed no systematic theological tractate on the nature of the deities. His holy city was Uruk (Erech), in the southern herding region, and the bovine imagery suggests that he belonged The most important Gods and Goddesses in the Sumerian pantheon included An, the God of Heaven, Enlil, the Storm and Wind God, Enki, the Water God, Ninhursag, the Goddess of Fertility and The Earth, Utu, the God of justice and of the Sun, and his father Nanna, God of the Moon. The Hindu wind god, Vayu. In the end he fails, but he comes to The Weld-Blundell Prism, a portion of the Sumerian King List, Iraq, 1800 BC, Sumerian, via The Ashmolean Museum Oxford The Early Dynastic Period, 2,900 – 2,334 BC, is marked by the Sumerian King List — a clay tablet with inscriptions of all Sumerian kings dating back to the beginning of time. – Alter . The city associated with Anu was Uruk. 7 Greek. Striking parallels exist between the Sumerian King List and Genesis in the Bible. It includes prehistoric rulers and claims reigns lasting thousands of years, including 8 kings which ruled for a total of 241,200 years . Espak, Peeter 2015: The God The Sumerians believed that the gods had formed order out of chaos and the individual's role in life was to labor as a co-worker with the gods to make sure chaos would not come again. The temples organized the mass labour projects needed for irrigation agriculture. As the son of Enlil and Asherah, Namtar possesses a lineage that connects him to prestigious divine heritage. He was seen as the deity who determined the fate or destinies of In Mesopotamian mythology, Enlil plays a vital role as one of the key gods in the divine hierarchy. 3. The Sumerian deities were believed to be anthropomorphic representations of the forces of nature. Enlil was primarily the Mesopotamian god of air, earth, and storms. Although any polytheistic religion (religion with multiple deities) can have a pantheon – and they existed in 1. Leeming, David Adams. According to Sumerian texts, the Anunnaki helped create humans by altering the DNA of primates. List of Sumerian deities in order of importance: The Anunna (Anunnaki): Haya Healing deities: Baba Damu Gula (Ninkarrak) Ninisinna Igigi/Igigu Iškur (Adad) Ištaran Lugalirra and Meslamtaea Mulliltu: see Ninlil Mullissu: see Ninlil Mylitta: see Ninlil As the internationally published author of The Anunnaki Connection: Sumerian Gods, Alien DNA, and the Fate of Humanity and Evil Archaeology: Demons, Possessions, and Sinister Relics, Dr. Originally he seems to have been envisaged as a great bull, a form later disassociated from the god as a separate mythological entity, the Bull of Heaven, which was owned by An. As time went on, the gods changed and developed. Meaningful: Sumerian names often have a specific meaning or convey a While Zeus and the rest of the Greek gods resided at the top of Mount Olympus, and Osiris was the god of the earth and the underworld, the Anunnaki were winged deities who lived up in the heavens and came down to According to the Sumerian king list, the first five rulers of Akkad (Sargon, Rimush, Manishtusu, Naram-Sin, and Shar-kali-sharri) ruled for a total of 142 years; Sargon alone ruled for 56. Damu is a healing deity credited both as asû "healer" and āšipu, "exorcist TT ", which says as much about the close link between the two professions as about the deity's capabilities. Eridu Genesis, in Mesopotamian religious literature, ancient Sumerian epic primarily concerned with the creation of the world, the building of cities, and the flood. The Sumerian king list has long been the greatest focus of interest. These symbols served as aids to the faithful, strengthening their worship and understanding of each deity's power. Enlil's primary center of worship was the Ekur temple in the city of Nippur, which was believed to have been Sumerian Gods and Goddesses: The deities worshipped in Sumer, the earliest known civilization in Mesopotamia, greatly influenced the religious beliefs and practices of subsequent cultures. READ MORE: Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses: 34 Deities of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The geneology of Genesis from Adam to Noah covers ten (10) generations of the antediluvian patriarchs. Enlil: The god of wind, storms, and agriculture. 028 The world’s oldest literature—poetry as well as prose—belongs to the Sumerians, that fascinating, enigmatic people who settled over 5,000 years ago on the shores of the Persian Gulf1 and in the lower (southern) part of the valley between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, in present-day Iraq. Ancient Mesopotamia, located in present-day Iraq, was home to the Sumerian civilization, one of the oldest recorded civilizations in history. Among the Anu (Akkadian) or An (in Sumerian meaning "above" or "heaven")—the Mesopotamian sky god, father, and king of the gods, supreme god of the Sumerian pantheon, and city god of Uruk. Originally female, she sometimes appears as male in later texts under the influence of Semitic theology where Venus deities were usually male (Heimpel 1982). 5 Oceania. Nergal represents a very particular aspect of death, one that is often and rightly interpreted as inflicted death, for Nergal is also the god of plague and pestilence as well as being closely associated with warfare. Associated with skin conditions, epidemics, and ailments, Babalu Aye is revered for his ability to Mesopotamian religions, Religious beliefs and practices of the Sumerians and Akkadians, and later of their successors, the Babylonians and Assyrians, who inhabited ancient Mesopotamia. These tablets gave him control over the fate of man and made him very powerful. They believed that the The following is a list of Mesopotamian deities. Enlil - The god of air, wind, and storms, Enlil held the Tablets of Destiny. Not only Rama and Bharata, but the names of other Hindu Puranic figures find a place in the Kings List. An/Anu belongs to the oldest generation of Mesopotamian gods and The god list AN = Anum also names Ningublaga as the son of the moon god, and Amarra-azu and Amarra-he'ea as his daughters. 2300 BC, depicting the deities Inanna, Utu, Enki, and Isimud [1] Map showing the extent of Mesopotamia and its major cities relative to modern landmarks. As one of the He was a Mesopotamian deity of wind, air, earth, and storms and it is believed that he was one of the most important gods of the Sumerian pantheon. Akkadian cylinder seal dating to c. For the full alphabetical list of alternative names, check out Godchecker's list of Mesopotamian deity names. Functions. This website offers information about the fifty most important From mighty storm deities to guardians of the dead, Mesopotamian gods had it all. They constituted, as it were, a landed nobility, each god owning and working an estate—his temple and its lands—and controlling the city in which it was located. A deity or god is a supernatural being considered to be sacred and worthy of worship due to having authority over the universe, nature or human life. The Sumerian god An became the Semitic Anu, while Enki became Ea, Inanna became Ishtar, and Utu became Shamash. They can be used as part of a classroom display, providing The Sumerian god Enlil was revered as the god of wind, earth, air and storms. Learn more today. Since Hilprecht first set eyes upon The Kings List, at least 18 other examples of documents have been found, and most seem to have been chiseled into stone between Some gods seem to belong to both the Anunnaki and the Igigu (Kienast 1965: 152), yet more research is needed to gain a better understanding of this situation in the first millennium BCE. The text appears to have been written in the late third millennium BCE (Ur III period), although could be of much earlier creation. 3,500 BC, and is normally depicted as an old man with a long beard whose shoulder emanate rays According to the Sumerian King List, when the gods first gave human beings the gifts necessary for cultivating society, they did so by establishing the city of Eridu in the region of Sumer. " In addition to being associated with deities like Enki and Utu, the Anunnaki also appear in other cultures, This Sumerian god is a complex individual. Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses. Lynn invites According to the Sumerian King List, when the gods first gave human beings the gifts necessary for cultivating society, they did so by establishing the city of Eridu in the region of Sumer. ” Another symbol that is associated with Ningishzida is an image of the Sumerian: Babylonian: Function: Abzu: Apsu: Sweet waters under earth, the abyss: An: Anu: Sky, Firmament, Father of gods: Dumuzi ("sacred son") Tammuz: Shepherd, god of grain, beer, dying god (Inanna / Ishtar's husband) Enki: Ea: Controller of sweet waters, god of wisdom (trickster) Enlil: Enlil or Ellil: Lord of wind and air : Ereshkigal: Ereshkigal: Queen of Literally, thousands of gods are named in Sumerian and Akkadian, some of the oldest writing on the planet. She is primarily known as the goddess of sexual love but is equally prominent as the goddess of warfare. If you include nicknames, official titles and honorifics, some gods have hundreds of names! The Godchecker Holy Database currently contains 149 Key Points. Toggle European subsection. However, some key figures were more prominent in Sumerian mythology and worship. Akkadian, a Semitic language, gradually replaced Sumerian as the primary Marduk (Cuneiform: 𒀭𒀫𒌓 ᵈAMAR. 4 Sumerian. In Sumerian mythology, Anzu is often portrayed as a powerful and menacing creature. Scott Littleton defines a deity as "a being with powers greater than those of ordinary humans, but who interacts with The second-millennium Sumerian Hymn to Utu (ETCSL 4. Her name reflects her Lord of the abzu The god Ea (whose Sumerian equivalent was Enki) is one of the three most powerful gods in the Mesopotamian pantheon, along with Anu and Enlil. 32. Lambert, Sumerian Gods: Combining the Evidence of Texts and Art; Dominique Collon, Moon, boats and battle; Gudrun Colbow, More Insights into Representations of the Moon God in the Third and Second Millennium B. His symbol is the spade and he is associated The Sumerian tale of the Curse of Agade lists Nidaba as belonging to the elite of the great gods (ETCSL 2. In Mesopotamian mythology, Enlil plays a vital role as one of the key gods in the divine hierarchy. Egyptian mythology. Although Anu was an important Mesopotamian god, archeologists have yet to find a picture of him. Akkadian Empire and its Influence The Akkadians, led by Sargon the Great, rose to power in the 24th century BCE, establishing the first empire in history. Many legendary characters have more than one name. They can be used as part of a classroom display, providing Mesopotamian sky-god, one of the supreme deities; known as An in Sumerian and Anu in Akkadian. [4] He is first attested as the chief deity of the Sumerian pantheon, [5] but he was later worshipped by the Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and Hurrians. The clay tablet that survived was dated by the scribe who wrote it in the reign of King Utukhegal of Erech (Uruk), which places it around 2125 BC. Born of a mortal mother and a divine father, he was trained from a The mythology surrounding Anzu, the Sumerian god, is rich and diverse, encompassing both Sumerian and Babylonian traditions. The gods of Assyria and Babylonia, rather than displacing those of Sumer and I have posted an article that Lord Rama and Bharata’s names are found in the Kings List of Sumerians chronicling their Kings. One of the main functions of the Anunna gods was to decide the fates (Falkenstein Hadad (or Adad) - storm and rain god; Enlil (or Ashur) - god of air, head of the Assyrian and Sumerian pantheon; Anu (or An) - god of heaven and the sky, lord of constellations, and father of the gods; Dagon (or Dagan) - god of fertility; Enki (or Ea) - god of the Abzu, crafts, water, intelligence, mischief and creation and divine ruler of the Earth and its humans Other articles where The Sumerian King List is discussed: epigraphy: Ancient Mesopotamia: The Sumerian king list is a compilation of names, places, and wholly fabulous dates and exploits, apparently edited to show and promote time-hallowed oneness of kingship in the face of the splintered city-states of the period. Through examining these associations, we gain a deeper understanding of Nanna’s role and influence in ancient religious beliefs and practices. Nergal's warlike qualities identify him to a considerable extent with warrior gods such as Ninurta and Zababa (Van der Toorn et al. List of health deities. While Anu represents the heavens and Ea signifies the waters and wisdom, Enlil stands as the god of the sky, commanding the forces of nature and shaping Babalu Aye, the African god of healing and disease, holds great significance in Yoruba religion. 1999: 622). There may have been hundreds or even thousands of these gods in total. Further examples have been found in many excavated Mesopotamian cities, and come from between the Old Babylonian period and According to the Sumerian king list, Elam, Sumer's neighbor to the east, held the kingship in Sumer for a brief period, based in the city of Awan. (2005). Because numerous lists of legendary creatures concern mythology, folklore, and folk Gilgamesh (/ ˈ ɡ ɪ l ɡ ə m ɛ ʃ /, [7] / ɡ ɪ l ˈ ɡ ɑː m ɛ ʃ /; [8] Akkadian: 𒀭𒄑𒂆𒈦, romanized: Gilgameš; originally Sumerian: 𒀭𒄑𒉋𒂵𒎌, romanized: Bilgames) [9] [a] was a hero in ancient Mesopotamian mythology and the protagonist of the Epic of Gilgamesh, an epic poem written in Akkadian during the late 2nd millennium BC. He has been written about as early as c. The list of demons in fiction includes those from literary fiction with theological aspirations, such as Dante's Inferno. LÍL KI, "Enlil City;" [1] Akkadian: Nibbur) was an ancient Sumerian city. The Sumer people prayed to Enlil for sustenance and guidance. One notable relationship in Nanna’s Turms, the Etruscan god, holds a significant place in the ancient Etruscan culture and religion. Known as the equivalent of the Greek god Hermes, Turms played a crucial role as The oldest literary tradition about great heroic kings claiming to have been scions of the gods dates back to the Sumerian King List in which the First Dynasty of Uruk is described as having been descended from the sun god, Utu. An Espak, Peeter 2011: Some Early Developments in Sumerian God-Lists and Pantheon. The gods themselves, however, would reverse their own work later – returning the world to chaos - when humanity's noise and trouble became too great to bear. It was the special seat of the worship of the Sumerian god Enlil, the "Lord Wind", ruler of the This is a list of Norse gods and goddesses that are in Norse mythology. This period sees an adverse relationship between In this article, we bring you 15 mind-boggling facts about the Ancient Sumerian King list. The city of Babylon was said to have been built on top of the abzu, and the Sumerian myth Enki and Ninhursag describes that the first humans were created from clay taken from the top of the abzu. M. One of them is Here you will find a list of all the Sumerian gods and goddesses: The Origins of Allatum Goddess. Like many other archaic lists of rulers, it may include legendary names. An/Anu belongs to the oldest generation of Mesopotamian gods and Sumerian gods were often associated with different cities, and their religious importance often waxed and waned with those cities' political power. The historical document describes how in the distant past when the first cities of Earth were created in Mesopotamia, its rulers came from the heavens and ruled In Inuit mythology, Sila Inua is a central figure representing the connection between humans, nature, and the spiritual world. In Babylon, Marduk was worshipped in the temple Esagila. Origins and Family of Namtar. Enlil fell These God kings are linked to the Anunnaki gods, who were said to be the sons and daughters of the chief god called Anu. k "calf of the sun; solar calf"; Hebrew: מְרֹדַךְ, Modern: Merōdaḵ, Tiberian: Mərōḏaḵ) is a god from ancient Mesopotamia and patron deity of Babylon who eventually rose to power in the 1st millennium BC. A. Orient und Altes Testament 390(1). Among the interesting features of this version of the flood myth, are the identification, through interpretatio graeca, of the Sumerian god Enki with the Greek god The Sumerian god Enlil was revered as the god of wind, earth, air and storms. The Oxford Companion to World Mythology. [4] [5] Though no consensus exists regarding the deity's origins, [6] The ancient Sumerian king list recounts the early dynasties. Adam Stone . Many Sumerian gods and goddesses were Who are the top ten Sumerian Gods, and what are they God of? Nammu. In this way the rulers of the city of Isin legitimised themselves as the rightful successors of powerful kingdoms of the past. This mythical being, known for her enchanting beauty and mysterious ways, has captured the imaginations of generations. Browse the alphabetical list of deities or search by The major deities in the Sumerian pantheon included An, the god of the heavens, Enlil, the god of wind and storm, AnKi Enki, the god of water and human culture, Ninhursag, the goddess of fertility and the earth, Utu, the god of the sun and Learn about the Sumerian pantheon, one of the oldest recorded pantheons in human history, with gods like Anu, Enlil, and Inanna. The precise meaning of the term (“princely seed” in Sumerian) remains ill-defined, as the number of these gods, their names, and their functions vary according to the limited historical texts scholars have recovered. Babylonian astronomy collated earlier observations and divinations into sets of Babylonian star catalogues, during and after the Kassite rule over Babylonia. As the offspring of Enlil and Asherah, Namtar possesses extraordinary As the offspring of Enlil and Asherah, Namtar possesses extraordinary Click Here to See the Complete List of Sumerian Gods and Goddesses Canaanite Religion and Canaanite Gods and Goddesses The origins of Canaanite gods and goddesses can be traced back to the ancient Canaanite civilization, which flourished in the region now known as Israel and Palestine during the Bronze Age. [1] [2] The Oxford Dictionary of English defines deity as a god or goddess, or anything revered as divine. 1 Albanian. 4. This mythical dragon deity, also known as Zir or Rosvodiz, represents the god of sorcery, and its with a boundary dispute between two Sumerian city-states, Lagash with its god Ningirsu, and Umma, with its god Shara. His celestial family includes numerous siblings, aunts, uncles, and cousins, solidifying his status among the formidable Weidner god-list, Anum, a traditional god-list, the forerunner to An = Anum, with copies extant as far back as the Ur III and Isin-Larsa periods. List of Mesopotamian deities. The King’s List Is Rediscovered The first fragment of this cuneiform tablet, dated around 4,000 years old, was discovered in the early 1900s by German-American scholar Hermann Hilprecht. Cult Place(s) Nidaba was the patron deity of the city of Ereš, which has not yet been identified geographically although it is known to have been in southern Mesopotamia. The gods were said to have created human beings from clay for the purpose of serving them. Mesopotamian mythology, the myths, epics, hymns, lamentations, penitential psalms, incantations, wisdom literature, and handbooks dealing with rituals and omens of ancient Mesopotamia. Both describe eight rulers before a Great Flood ended their reigns – the eight Sumerian kings and the eight generations from Adam to Noah. The list presumed to detail the dominant, and 'official', kings from The Sumerian King list describes a time on Earth when Gods ruled for thousands of years over mankind. [3]Yahweh [a] was an ancient Levantine deity, the national god of the Israelite kingdoms of Israel and Judah. Utu: God of the sun. Hadad (or Adad) - storm and rain god. Deities in ancient Mesopotamia were almost exclusively anthropomorphic. 4, line 237; Tinney 1996: 115), where she is mentioned together with the Damu is the son of the healing goddess Gula/Ninkarrak and a healing god himself. Chinese Gods . New York: Infobase Publishing. Ashur, Ashshur, also spelled Ašur, Aššur (Sumerian: 𒀭𒊹, romanized: AN. Similarities between the Sumerian King List and Biblical Scripture. As a result, he was often associated with Anu. For example, the city of Babylon was said to have been built Mesopotamian religion, the beliefs and practices of the Sumerians and Akkadians, and their successors, the Babylonians and Assyrians, who inhabited ancient Mesopotamia (now in Iraq) in the millennia before the Christian era. It is not a list of names of demons, although some are listed by more than one name. ; F. In the Sumerian textual corpus, Anunna (Akkadian: Anunnaki, Anunnaku) describes the highest gods in the Mesopotamian pantheon, It is not clear how many gods and which particular gods this term includes; one text speaks of the 'fifty Anunna of Eridu' (Falkenstein 1965: 130; Edzard 1965: 42). At some point, Enlil was also seen as the supreme god and the father of all gods in Sumerian religion. The Ancient Sumerian king list provides a comprehensive list of the Sumerian Kings from the beginning, before the great flood, and the 10 kings who lived before the Flood who lived for thousands of years. The Anunnaki were a group of deities from the ancient Mesopotamian culture that played a role in Sumerian mythology. Sumer was the region's earliest known civilization and ended with the downfall of the Third Dynasty of Ur around 2004 BCE. The History of Ancient Sumeria (Sumer) including its cities, kings, religions culture and contributions or civilization Sumerian Gods and Goddesses The Sumerians thought that a great domed roof contained the sky, the stars, the moon, and the sun which lighted the cities beneath it; they also believed that below the earth swirled the dim netherworld, a When the gods like men Bore the work and suffered the toll The toil of the gods was great, The work was heavy, the distress was much. The gods and goddesses of Ancient Egypt were an integral part of the people's everyday lives for over 3,000 years. Hadad (or Adad) - storm and rain god; Enlil (or Ashur) - god of air, head of the Assyrian and Sumerian pantheon; Anu (or An) - god of heaven and the sky, lord of constellations, and father of the gods; Dagon (or Dagan) - god of fertility; Enki (or Ea) - god of the Abzu, crafts, water, intelligence, mischief and creation and divine ruler of Sumerians also developed a complex pantheon of gods and goddesses, including the revered Inanna. Mesopotamian sky-god, one of the supreme deities; known as An in Sumerian and Anu in Akkadian. The deities of Sumer were usually associated with aspects of nature, such as fertility of the fields and livestock. Traditional beliefs suggest protective measures against this malevolent being, reflecting its significance in Zulu Symbolism and Roles of Sumerian Gods. Examination of ancient myths, legends, ritual Apart from An, Enlil, Enki and Inanna, there were three other deities that make up the seven most important gods and goddesses of the Sumerian pantheon. At the top of the hierarchy and Nergal (Sumerian: 𒀭𒄊𒀕𒃲 [1] d KIŠ. 3, line 55; Michalowski 1989: 39) or in the Lament over Nibru (ETCSL 2. ''native language'' [1]) was the language of ancient Sumer. It was the domain of the god Enki/Ea. Adam Stone, 'Nanna/Suen/Sin (god)', Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Our Sumerian Gods List is a fantastic resource to engage and educate your learners from 6th to 8th grade about the fascinating world of ancient Mesopotamia. Sila is described as the ‘Possessor of Spirit,’ embodying the essence Enki was the Sumerian God of Water, Crafts, Knowledge, Magic and Incantations. The more In Norse mythology, the Valkyries hold a prominent role as divine warriors and choosers of the slain. Air deities may also be considered here as wind is nothing more than moving air. There are, however, myths that might even be older, myths that hold the key to gaining a better understanding of this very strange albeit Significantly, the Sumerian King List began its recorded history “when kingship came down from heaven,” legitimizing secular kings through their association with gods. Klein 2001, "The genealogy of Nanna-Suen". They worshipped these gods and believed in their divine power and authority. These ancient gods of Mesopotamia had wings, wore horned caps, and possessed the ability to control all of humanity. Mesopotamian religion was polytheistic, with a pantheon consisting of hundreds if not thousands of gods of varying importance. We have 73 individual gods listed in the Mesopotamian pantheon of gods and spirits. The Sumerian god of the sun and divine justice, Utu is the son of the moon god Nanna and the fertility goddess Ningal, and the twin of goddess of sexuality, passion, love and war Inanna. 5000-4100 BCE) when temples were raised to them, but their worship developed during the Uruk Period (4100-2900 BCE) and their names appear Once heaven and earth had been separated, plants, animals, and human life became possible. Many Sumerian gods and goddesses were adopted and adapted by other civilizations in the region, such as the Babylonians and Assyrians. [1] [2] This identification is disputed, however. He resides in the ocean underneath the earth called the abzu (Akkadian apsû), which was an important place in Mesopotamian cosmic geography. The Sumerians possessed a complex belief system that revolved around a pantheon of gods and deities. Cult Places Star list with distance information, Uruk (Iraq), 320-150 BC, the list gives each constellation, the number of stars and the distance information to the next constellation in ells. Ninazu was city god of Enegi in southern Sumer, and Ešnunna in the north. African. 1. Many polytheistic religions have one or more wind gods. He was actually one of the most widely respected Gods in history and chronology of the third and second millennia. However, he was also believed to have control Mesopotamian mythology, the myths, epics, hymns, lamentations, penitential psalms, incantations, wisdom literature, and handbooks dealing with rituals and omens of ancient Mesopotamia. 6 Slavic. The origins of Canaanite gods and goddesses can be traced back to the ancient Canaanite civilization, which flourished in the region now known as Israel and Palestine during the Bronze Age. In the Sumerian poem of Enki and Ninmah (ETCSL 1. Before the Greeks exalted Zeus or the Egyptians praised Osiris, the Sumerians worshipped the Anunnaki. According to the epic, after the universe was created out of the primeval sea and the gods were born, the deities fashioned man from Eridu Genesis, in Mesopotamian religious Ancient Mesopotamian Beliefs and Mythology. The History of Ancient Sumeria (Sumer) including its cities, kings, religions culture and contributions or civilization Sumerian Gods and Goddesses The Sumerians thought that a great domed roof contained the sky, the stars, the moon, and the sun which lighted the cities beneath it; they also believed that below the earth swirled the dim netherworld, a There also exists what is known as the Sumerian King List, which is an intriguing stone tablet listing ancient kings of Sumer, their supposed length of reign and location of their kingdoms. Many Sumerian names are made up of elements that reflect the person’s occupation, social status, or A abzu The abzu (Sumerian form) or apsû (Akkadian form) was a large underground body of water in Mesopotamian cosmic geography. For full treatment, see Mesopotamian religion. These star catalogues, written in cuneiform In the third and second millennium BCE, the mother goddess was in high standing within the divine hierarchy of gods, as for example in the Lamentation over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur (ETCSL 2. The city In Sumerian mythology, a me (𒈨; Sumerian: me; Akkadian: paršu) is one of the decrees of the divine that is foundational to Sumerian religious and social institutions, technologies, behaviors, mores, and human conditions that made Mesopotamian civilization possible. As stated in According to the Sumerian king list, Elam, Sumer's neighbor to the east, held the kingship in Sumer for a brief period, based in the city of Awan. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, pp. Later on, in particular in Akkadian texts, Namma loses importance and is only rarely mentioned. Hall 1985, A study of the Sumerian moon-god. The Celestial Ruler: Anu is hailed as the supreme ruler of the gods, presiding over the divine council and making weighty decisions that shape the destiny of gods and mortals alike. The literature Anu (Akkadian: 𒀭𒀀𒉡 ANU, from 𒀭 an "Sky", "Heaven") or Anum, originally An (Sumerian: 𒀭 An), [10] was the divine personification of the sky, king of the gods, and ancestor of many of the deities in ancient Mesopotamian religion. Sumerian mythology includes several creation myths. The clay tablet that The Sumerian King List describes how God ruled on Earth. Citizens had a labor duty to the temple, though they could PreFlood Genesis vs. The figure with streams of water and fish flowing from his shoulders is Ea (Sumerian Enki), god of subterranean waters and of wisdom. 47−58. The cities listed were all very old sites, and the names of the kings are names of old types within Sumerian name-giving. The following is a list of light deities in various mythologies. ŠAR₂, Assyrian cuneiform: 𒀭𒊹 Aš-šur, 𒀭𒀀𒇳𒊬 ᵈa-šur₄) [1] was the national god of the Assyrians in ancient times until their gradual conversion to Christianity between the 1st and 5th centuries AD. After the Flood, both texts reflect decreasing human Weidner god list is the conventional name of one of the known ancient Mesopotamian lists of deities, originally compiled by ancient scribes in the late third millennium BCE, with the oldest known copy dated to the Ur III or the Isin-Larsa period. The god Shamash was served by scorpion people, a combination of man and scorpion. Enlil was one of the most prominent gods in the Mesopotamian pantheon, second only to the supreme god An. I. Espak, Peeter 2015: The God The Sumerian god An, for example, developed the Akkadian counterpart Anu; the Sumerian god Enki became Ea; and the Sumerian gods Ninurta and Enlil remained very much the same in the Akkadian pantheon. until the first millennium BC, featuring 30 ancestors of Enlil [p 38] [26] Wood, archaic word-list; Word list D, "grain", an archaic Sumerian word list Commentary: The list provides the beginnings of Sumerian and the world’s history as the Sumerians knew it. An/Anu belongs to the oldest generation of Mesopotamian gods and According to the Sumerian King List, when the gods first gave human beings the gifts necessary for cultivating society, they did so by establishing the city of Eridu in the region of Sumer. The complete alphabetical list of Mesopotamian Gods and Goddess names. Father of all the other gods, evil spirits, and demons, typically depicted in a headdress with horns; Antu, Antum, or Ki-ist—consort of Anu in Akkadian myth The Sumerian deities were believed to be anthropomorphic representations of the forces of nature. 4 Etruscan. Many of the Babylonian gods and myths appear in the Judeo-Christian bible, early versions of Noah and the flood, Moses in the bulrushes, and of course the tower of Babylon. At the end of the second millennium, the Babylonian creation story Sumerian Gods and Goddesses: The deities worshipped in Sumer, the earliest known civilization in Mesopotamia, greatly influenced the religious beliefs and practices of subsequent cultures. Damascius). Meaningful: Sumerian names often have a specific meaning or convey a particular message. This is a literary composition, dating from Old Babylonian times, that describes kingship (nam-lugal in Sumerian) in Mesopotamia from primeval times to The Descent of Inanna is a Sumerian myth that tells the story of the goddess Inanna’s journey to the underworld. GAL; [2] Hebrew: נֵרְגַל, Modern: Nergal, Tiberian: Nērgal; Aramaic: ܢܸܪܓܲܠ; [3] Latin: Nirgal) was a Mesopotamian god worshiped through all periods of Mesopotamian history, from Early Dynastic to Neo-Babylonian times, with a few attestations indicating that his cult survived into the period of Achaemenid domination. It begins as follows: The god Enlil, king of all lands, father of all gods, determined by his just ruling the territorial borderline for the god Ningirsu and the god Shara. The first part of the Sumerian King List reads In Chinese mythology, there are several powerful gods and goddesses who play significant roles in the creation of the world and the destiny of humans. Enlil's primary center of worship was the Ekur temple in the city of Nippur, which was believed to have been Literary and other historical sources. Enki: The god of The gods of Mesopotamia are first evidenced during the Ubaid Period (c. Although no historical evidence has been found for their Espak, Peeter 2011: Some Early Developments in Sumerian God-Lists and Pantheon. Mesalim, king of Kishi, checked at the bidding of his W. ; Cosmic Balance: As the god of the sky, Anu symbolizes the equilibrium between the heavenly and earthly realms, fostering harmony and PDF | On Jan 1, 2011, Peeter Espak published Some Early Developments in Sumerian God-Lists and Pantheon | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Nergal (Sumerian: 𒀭𒄊𒀕𒃲 [1] d KIŠ. 4 European. Bibliography Key aspects of Anu’s significance. It is interesting to draw a Biblical parallel with the Book of Genesis: in both of these texts, lifespans before the flood were particularly long Our Sumerian Gods List is a fantastic resource to engage and educate your learners from 6th to 8th grade about the fascinating world of ancient Mesopotamia. Sumerians revered the Anunnaki as heavenly beings who shaped the destiny of their society. 2) describes the sun god's shining appearance and powers of judgment by saying that his 'radiance spreads out like a net over the world'. Babylonian Deities: The Babylonians, who The Sumerians, their history, cultures and character There is there a lot of fairly solid translations of major mythes/stories, as well as a great introduction to the Sumerian culture. In her astral aspect, Inana/Ištar is the planet Venus, the morning and the evening star. Sun God and the Chariot of the For example, the name Enlil-bani means “Enlil (a Sumerian god) has created,” where “Enlil” is the personal name and “bani” is the patronymic. The name was rendered Aos in Greek sources (e. Veneration of Inanna and the others developed throughout the Early Dynastic Period (2900-2334 BCE) and Akkadian Period (2334-2218 BCE) and continued through the fall of the The Sumerian King List was written in Sumerian and shows that the people of ancient Mesopotamia believed that kingship was conferred upon human beings by the gods. Enlil (or Ashur) - god of air, head of the Assyrian and Sumerian pantheon. ISBN 9781438109855. His name emphasizes his role as the radiant source of daylight. An: Lord of the heavens. There is always a hierarchy, duality, and a connection to ancient aliens who visited the planet and created humans through the consciousness behind reality that created everything in the illusion of time. The list begins with a group of kings known as the ‘antediluvian rulers’, who are believed to be mythical figures. The first king on the list whose name is known from any other source is Etana, 13th king of the first Dynasty of Kish. Written in Ancient Sumerian, it lists numerous generations of Kings that ruled over Ancient Sumer, detailing their supposed length and location of kingships. Explorations of other systems would also be more than According to the Sumerian King List, when the gods first gave human beings the gifts necessary for cultivating society, they did so by establishing the city of Eridu in the region of Sumer. Let‘s take a closer look at seven of the most important gods of the Sumerian pantheon: 1. Inanna is stripped of her powers and clothing as she passes through the seven gates of the underworld, but eventually, she is able to return to the world above. Father of all the other Utu: "Sun God" - Utu was the Sumerian god of the sun, symbolizing light, warmth, and life-giving energy. For example, the Sumerian god of the sun Utu became Shamash for the Akkadians. 9 Roman. The Sumerian 5. UNU. A wind god is a god who controls the wind(s). Through numerous myths and epics, Anzu is depicted as a significant figure with various roles and characteristics. One of the most highly regarded female Explore the Sumerian Deities Index for a detailed alphabetical listing of gods and goddesses, revealing their roles in Sumerian culture. In other words Context: 5 other copies of the Antediluvian king list are known only: MS 3175, 2 in Oxford: Ashmolean Museum, one is similar to this list, containing 10 kings and 6 cities, the other is a big clay cylinder of the Sumerian king list, on which the kings before the flood form the first section, and has the same 8 kings in the same 5 cities as the His Sumerian counterpart, An, dates from the oldest Sumerian period, at least 3000 bc. The Sumerian gods (Sumerian dingir, plural dingir-dingir or dingir-a-ne-ne) thus had Utu (also known as Shamash, Samas, and Babbar) is the Sumerian god of the sun and divine justice. Although these figures cannot be checked, they are probably trustworthy, because the king list for Ur III, even if 250 years later, did transmit dates that proved to be accurate. A Sumerian literary letter-prayer from king Sîn-iddinam of Larsa addresses Utu as the patron deity of the city of Larsa and prays for redemption of the Nusku (Sumerian Nuska) is minister to the god Enlil, although he also appears as Enlil's son in some variant traditions. Despite the vast number of individual gods in the various sub-cultures The story follows the Sumerian king Gilgamesh, typically regarded as a historical figure, and his good friend, Enkidu through various adventures and quests that eventually lead to Enkidu's death. The major periods in Sumerian history were the Ubaid period (6500-4100 BCE), the Uruk period (4100-2900 BCE), the Early Dynastic period (2900-2334 BCE), the Akkadian Empire period (2334 – 2218 BCE), the Gutian period (2218-2047 BCE), Sumerian Renaissance/Third The Sumerians, their history, cultures and character There is there a lot of fairly solid translations of major mythes/stories, as well as a great introduction to the Sumerian culture. The Sumerians were a people living in Mesopotamia from the 27th-20th century BCE. The second half of the epic deal with Gilgamesh, distressed about the death of his friend and his own impending mortality, as he searches for immortality. Mesopotamian goddesses are among the oldest in the world. The Sumerians assigned specific symbols and roles to their gods, emphasizing their influence over the natural and human realms. UNU or d GÌR. The most important god in the Sumerian pantheon is An, who, as supreme deity, was believed to be a sky god and initially Lord of the Heavens. The Sumerian gods often had human characteristics in that they were sometimes good and sometimes bad. There were over 2,000 deities in the Egyptian pantheon, many whose names are well known - Isis, Osiris, Horus, Amun, Ra, Hathor, Bastet, Thoth, Anubis, and Ptah among others - but many more less so who were also important. Zirnitra mythology is an intriguing aspect of Slavic folklore, particularly in Wendish culture. This cosmological shift may have been caused by the growing influence of the neighboring Akkadian religion, or as a result of increased warfare between the Sumerian city-states Ninsi'anna is the Sumerian deity of the planet Venus, venerated as morning and evening star. Though the names of the gods differed among different Mesopotamian civilizations, their roles were the same. While the Sumerian city of Uruk is held to be the oldest city in the world, the ancient Mesopotamians believed that it was Eridu and that it was here that order was established and Mesopotamian religion - Gods, Demons, Beliefs: The gods were, as mentioned previously, organized in a polity of a primitive democratic cast. Conversely, the geneology on the Sumerian Kings List, although possibly starting with a variation of the name Adam (A-lulim), goes on to present a geneology which has ties to their occult religious practises. Cooper, Gendered Sexuality in Our Sumerian Gods List is a fantastic resource to engage and educate your learners from 6th to 8th grade about the fascinating world of ancient Mesopotamia. While the Sumerian city of Uruk is held to be the oldest city in the world, the ancient Mesopotamians believed that it was Eridu and that it was here that order was established and Enki (Sumerian: 𒀭𒂗𒆠 D EN-KI) is the Sumerian god of water, knowledge (), crafts (gašam), and creation (nudimmud), and one of the Anunnaki. While the Sumerian city of Uruk is held to be the oldest city in the world, the ancient Mesopotamians believed that it was Eridu and that it was here that order was established and Mesopotamian Pantheon and Beliefs. The myth is believed to have been written around 1900 BCE and is often interpreted as a metaphor for the Utu/Shamash, the ancient Sumerian god, possessed an array of divine powers and capabilities. Canaanite Religion and Canaanite Gods and Goddesses. Namtar, a significant figure in Sumerian mythology, is deeply rooted in the ancient traditions surrounding death. Being such a powerful deity, Enlil was also worshipped by the Akkadians, Assyrians, and Babylonians. With visually appealing illustrations and interesting facts about each god and goddess, these posters will capture your students' attention and spark their curiosity. this is by far a better book than the former but it is not free. The Sumerian King List describes how God ruled on Earth. 2 Sumerian kings, often along with more local rulers, led armies, collected taxes, organized labor for state projects, and meted out justice. Alongside Anu and Ea (also known as Enki), he forms the esteemed triad of deities governing different domains. Nanna, the Sumerian god, is intricately connected to various other deities within the Mesopotamian pantheon. In the end he fails, but he comes to Anunnaki, class of gods within the ancient Mesopotamian pantheon. A brief treatment of Mesopotamian mythology follows. According to ancient texts such as the “Enuma Elish” and the “Epic of Gilgamesh,” gods were often depicted as descending from the heavens in flying vehicles or celestial chariots known as “shamash,” which were said to emit fire and smoke. Sumer was an ancient civilization founded in the Mesopotamia region of the Fertile Crescent, its people known for innovations in language, governance and more. But there are also Babylonian gods, Assyrian gods, Akkadian gods, and much more. He was succeeded in Uruk by Lugal-kinishe-dudu, but Mesopotamian sky-god, one of the supreme deities; known as An in Sumerian and Anu in Akkadian. He was invoked as a protective guardian during the night, where he protected sleeping people, brought them good dreams and prevented nightmares (Foster 2005: 717-20). It was followed by a transitional period of Amorite states before the rise of Babylonia in the 18th She is the Goddess of beauty and sexual attraction, closely resembling the Sumerian God Ishtar also known as an Inanna the Babylonian Goddess of fertility and warfare. Utu and Nanna were revered as the gods of the sun and moon, respectively. He was later known as Ea (Akkadian: 𒀭𒂍𒀀) or Ae [5] in Akkadian (Assyrian-Babylonian) religion, and is identified by some scholars with Ia in Canaanite religion. Believed to be connected to agriculture and the underworld, his symbol is a twisting serpent figure, that reflects the winding roots of a tree. He is most often times showcased as a bearded man with a horned cap wearing a long robe. In the south he is clearly an underworld deity: he receives the epithet 'steward of the underworld'; in the Sumerian lamentation In the Desert in the Early Grass he is mourned together with other chthonic TT gods (Cohen 1988: II 668-703, as Umun-azu), and his festival in Ur was marked by offerings to Sumerian (Sumerian: 𒅴𒂠, romanized: eme-gir 15 [a], lit. Let’s explore the different aspects of Utu/Shamash’s influence and significance in Mesopotamian mythology. A stele of the Assyrian king Šamši-Adad V (c. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Adam Stone, 'Nanna/Suen/Sin (god)', Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and One of these groups was the Sumerians, which is why Sumerian gods and goddesses are some of the more well-known from the region. 5, 222). The Sumerian belief was that humans were created as enslaved people under the Anunnaki gods. The Sumerian King list is without a doubt one of the most puzzling manuscripts ever discovered. They also believed in genies, demons, and evil spirits. C. There were more than 3,000 Sumerian gods and goddesses, and the four most well-known gods in the Sumerian religion were MUSHDAMMA - The Sumerian god of foundations and buildings, brother of Kabta (god of pickaxes, construction and bricks) and one of the sons of Ninhursag. Inana (Sumerian)/Ištar (Akkadian) is among the most important deities and the most important goddess in the Mesopotamian pantheon. 1 BT 14, a tablet fragment kept in the Brockmon Collection, University of Haifa, is a rather interesting Mesopotamian sky-god, one of the supreme deities; known as An in Sumerian and Anu in Akkadian. Their belief system revolved around the idea that the gods governed all aspects of existence, including aspects of nature, fertility, war, and the afterlife. Enlil, the Sumerian god of air, wind, breath, loft. 2, line 17) Namma is called the "original mother who gave birth to the gods of the universe", again according her primary status among all the gods and describing her role in Mesopotamian cosmogony. PreFlood Sumerian. From the god of water and wisdom to the goddess of love, beauty, and war, the Major Deities. 2 Baltic. These fierce female figures are tasked with selecting fallen warriors who have shown Sixteen copies (indicated as A, B, C P) of the Sumerian King List are known, all of them written in Sumerian. Nusku is associated with fire and light and played a role in protecting against evil. 1. Read here to learn more about Mesopotamian religion. In most Old Babylonian and later attestations, the wife of Ningišzida is Ninazimua, "The lady who lets the good juice grow" (Enki and Ninhursaga, ETCSL 1. While Anu represents the heavens and Ea signifies the waters and wisdom, Enlil stands as the god of the sky, commanding the forces of nature and shaping Nippur (Sumerian: Nibru, often logographically recorded as 𒂗 𒆤 𒆠, EN. Inanna is commonly referenced as the most ancient goddess, first worshipped during the Uruk Period (4100-2900 BCE). The gods were all different, so let’s now have a look at some of the most famous ancient Mesopotamian deities. The city of Babylon was said to have been built on top of the abzu, and the Sumerian myth Enki and Ninhursag describes that the first humans were created from clay taken from Ninazu was city god of Enegi in southern Sumer, and Ešnunna in the north. The term Anunnaki refers to "those who from heaven came to earth" and it is often translated as "those who descend," or "princely offspring. Bibliography Eridu Genesis, also called the Sumerian Creation Myth, Sumerian Flood Story and the Sumerian Deluge Myth, [1] [2] offers a description of the story surrounding how humanity was created by the gods, how the office of kingship entered human civilization, the circumstances leading to the origins of the first cities, and the global flood. Deities such as Enki and Inanna were viewed as having been assigned their rank, power, and knowledge from An, the heavenly deity, or Enlil, head of the Sumerian pantheon. It is a local language isolate that was spoken in ancient Mesopotamia, in the area that is modern-day Iraq. Enlil, [a] later known as Elil and Ellil, is an ancient Mesopotamian god associated with wind, air, earth, and storms. The god list An = Anum lists two sisters: d ama-TÙR-ma and d la-bar-TÙR-ma. 3. 8 Mari. Nammu was the Goddess who gave birth to the first deities, An the God of Heaven and Ki the Goddess of The Earth, were the first two, and there were Anu (Akkadian) or An (in Sumerian meaning "above" or "heaven")—the Mesopotamian sky god, father, and king of the gods, supreme god of the Sumerian pantheon, and city god of Uruk. G. Most of the lesser Sumerian deities now faded from the scene. In ancient Mesopotamian mythology, the Allatum Goddess held a significant place Weidner god list is the conventional name of one of the known ancient Mesopotamian lists of deities, originally compiled by ancient scribes in the late third millennium BCE, with the oldest In the Sumerian textual corpus, Anunna (Akkadian: Anunnaki, Anunnaku) describes the highest gods in the Mesopotamian pantheon, but it can also be used to indicate the pantheon of a particular city or city-state, such as the Anunna of Eridu or the Anunna of Lagaš (Falkenstein 1965, see also Katz 2003: 403). [2] See more Nammu: The Goddess of the Primordial Sea. The Names found are, Sumerian Kings, Chronological order,Kings List. Enshakushanna was a king of Uruk in the later 3rd millennium BC who is named on the Sumerian king list, which states his reign to have been 60 years. The Sargon Chronicle is a piece of literary legendry The story follows the Sumerian king Gilgamesh, typically regarded as a historical figure, and his good friend, Enkidu through various adventures and quests that eventually lead to Enkidu's death. Anu (or An) - god of heaven and the sky, lord of 1. An/Anu belongs to the oldest generation of Mesopotamian gods and The Sumerian King List seems to have been composed to imply that the dominion of Mesopotamia, determined by the gods, could only be exercised by one city at a given time and for a limited period. MUSHHUSHSHU - The Babylonian protective spirit, featured The Sumerian gods and goddesses fulfilled diverse roles, each associated with specific attributes and powers. He was possibly a historical king In the third and second millennium BCE, the mother goddess was in high standing within the divine hierarchy of gods, as for example in the Lamentation over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur (ETCSL 2. ISBN 978-0-19-515669-0. UTU; Sumerian: amar utu. ovuyj ugxgu exn ohtndxi gxkf gob xyvn hmnug kovcyny paafztzdg